Adapting to terrestrial living Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adapting to terrestrial living - Essay Example Adaptations to tackle this problem include animal like skeletons and specialized plant cells and tissues which support the plant. A transition from aquatic to terrestrial life also meant a competitive struggle for sunlight; as a result plants had to be tall, which also necessitated strong stems and an extensive root system to anchor the plants firmly in the ground while they grew upwards towards the sunlight (www.countrysideinfo.co.uk) and this is turn led to the development of trees. Another requirement for air based living as opposed to aquatic life is the need to conserve water, because a plant may face constraints in obtaining an adequate supply of water from the soil. As a result, they have developed a cuticle or protective layer on the surface of leaves to prevent excessive loss of water by transpiration (www.countrysideinfo.co.uk). At the same time however, plants must also be able to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to carry on the process of photosynthesis and give out carbon dioxide. This objective had to be achieved without sacrificing the modes for preservation of water through the use of the cuticle. The adaptations made in plants to specifically cater to this requirement are stomata on the underside of the leaf, which allow the exchange of gases to take place without excessive loss of water from the surface of the leaf. For example, in drought prone areas, plant leaves are reduced to spines, so that the leaf surface from which loss of water can take place is considerably reduced. Plant species growing in drought ridden areas may demonstrate high levels of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and photosynthesis during periods when water is available, but enter into periods of dormancy and lose their leaves during a period of intense heat (Lambers et al, 2008) Plants have evolved from simple unicellular organisms into complex multi cellular ones. A unicellular organism

Maintaining a True Friendship Essay -- Friendship Essay

Maintaining a True Friendship Making friends for a lot of us comes naturally, but maintaining these friendships may become somewhat difficult. This is because true friendship cannot survive without these three aspects: Love, Respect and Honesty. If any of these aspects are lacking in the friendship, it will slowly disintegrate. True friendship needs equal shares of love, respect and honesty. Therefore, to maintain true friendship, you need the whole package, just not apart of it. Love is naturally a part of any relationship. In a friendship, love can mean so many things. It means being there when your friend needs you, no matter what the circumstances may be. It means listening to your friend’s problems and giving them advice to help them out when they are not sure what to do. Or l...

Walmart Facts Sheet Business Research Buss4 Aqa

———————– – Walmart was constructed into a 3 product divisional structure. The successful world retailers business categories include Wal-Mart Stores (U. S. ), Sam's Club (U. S. ), and International stores. –> Works well as each division is open to focus its efforts on specific goals such as product, service or customers – Walmart as an organisation have their own display of ‘Culture' (also featured on the company website in detail), claiming 3 basic beliefs and integrity in order to deliver a favourable workplace for employees and service to customers; 1.Service to customers, 2. Respect for the individual, 3. Striving for excellence – 2000 saw a big change for Walmart; introduction of new CEO H. Lee Scott saw massive development and growth for the company, where revenue rocketed to $165bn, an indication that changes implemented by the new CEO were beneficial for the company.These included altera tions to the culture of the business, including: †¢ Open Door Policy  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Managers' doors are open to employees at all levels †¢ Sundown Rule  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Answering employee, customer, and supplier questions on the same day the questions are received †¢ 10-Foot Rule  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Making eye contact, greeting, and offering help to customers who come within 10 feet – Their mission statement, â€Å"We save people money so they can live better†, and logo/symbol/slogan all coincide in order to connotate better living & associate this, with Walmart themselves Name: Walmart, previously known as ‘Walton’s Five and Dime store’ – 1945-1962 – Sam Walton, a former department store employee, purchased a branch of the Ben Franklin stores – aiming to sell products at lower prices for a higher sales volume, despite a lower profit margin – 1962 – expanded to 24 stores across Arkansas (US), reaching $12. m in sale s, business continued to grow in US – 2000 – H. Lee Scott became CEO & President of Walmart, saw sales increase to $165bn – 2005, $312. 4  bn in sales, more than 6,200 facilities around the world  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ including 3,800 stores in the United States and 2,800 elsewhere – Walmart have now become an international business, making $446bn revenue in 2012, with the aid of 2. 2million employees.

KPIs and PRP as the drive in organisations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 804 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? With the use of at least two detailed examples critically examine the view that organisational targets, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Performance Related Pay (PRP) are the modern engines that drive the assembly lines of many contemporary organisations When approaching this topic it is clearly important to have the correct and concise knowledge of just what Taylorism and Fordism are and how intrinsically important they were and are within the confines of the industrial revolution and modern business today. Many people believe that it is Henry Ford alone to whom we can attribute the immense growth and success of capitalism, for it was the mass expansion and methods of his work with Ford which created a model for so many other companies to follow in his wake. He was a master at reducing labour costs, and production costs with the effect that retail costs could therefore be brought down, resulting in an increase in overall sales and therefore profit. Ant onio Gramsci called Fordism; ‘an ultra-modern form of production and of working methods such as is offered by the most advanced American variety, the industry of Henry Ford.’ Ford discovered a way to mass produce a product so cheaply that he could make it available to the common man, reduce it’s exclusivity and therefore allow it to become something which was marketed at base level and therefore desired by millions who suddenly discovered something was within their grasp and strived to afford it naturally increasing sales. Frederick Taylor is equally to be celebrated within the modern world of business, for it is him who developed division of labour, and a wage system based on performance. These are two standard usages in business today. Taylor himself described these as; ‘merely the elements or details of the mechanisms of management’ Indeed, now, these tactics are so widely used and considered such logical means of extracting more p roficient labour that it is difficult to remember a time when they were not implicated. So, it is with these initial points in mind that we approach where we have reached and developed these initial ideas today. Key Performance Targets and Performance Related Pay are surely the children of what was once Taylor’s idea of division of labour and performance based wage systems. KPI’s and PRP’s are indeed implicated in massive organisations the world over, successfully. To illustrate the success of these methods we will use two examples of substantial size and profitability, indeed, since he began it all, let us take the company of Ford, and the ever growing conglomerate that is Tesco. Some are of the opinion that the way in which company’s are run has not changed much in the past fifty years, that the ‘assembly line’ is still essentially what is used to motivate workers to produce. Large company’s such as Ford who were once pioneers of the assembly line now use organisational targets, KPI’s and PRP’s to motivate their workers. These work in the way that where people once became more efficient because they stood at the assembly line and each had their own part to add to the product making the process more time efficient, motivators are now used to make the actual production of the work from the individual greater. Depending on the level of management, different forms of motivation are used to achieve this. Ford are particular believers in PRP. Performance Related Pay is used throughout management levels with higher management to encourage them to constantly creatively find ways to make their men work more efficiently, because not only do they get rewarded for this, but the person in the management position gets rewarded depending on their output. This is often in the form of capped or uncapped commission added onto their basic salary. If a target is reached, X amount of commission is awarded. Thes e targets are then segregational, performance related targets being offered to the individual at base level for achieving a certain number of sales, producing a certain number of products depending on what sector of the business they work in. There is then a pyramid effect, the person in management of this department, gets commission for each one of his workers hitting their targets, and he also has a departmental target to hit, it is his job to ensure that his team are happy, motivated and working well, because it is in his interests that they hit their own targets, and therefore the overall target, netting him his own performance related bonus. This method works right up the strata to the very top, and ensures that every member of the organisation, no matter how huge, has a reason and indeed a desire to work hard and be productive because they will be rewarded for it at the end. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "KPIs and PRP as the drive in organisations" essay for you Create order